What are the 3P's in ADM?

• A. Perceive, Process, Perform
• B. Plan, Predict, Perform
• C. Perceive, Plan, Perform
• D. Predict, Perceive, Perform

Answer: (A)

The three stages of ADM are perceiving hazards, processing information to assess risk, and performing the chosen action. Perceive means noticing potential hazards in the environment—weather, traffic, terrain, or equipment issues. Process involves evaluating the situation, weighing risk, and deciding on a course of action using available procedures and decision tools. Perform is carrying out the selected action, such as changing altitude, adjusting speed, or applying mitigation measures and checkpoints.

The other options don’t fit because they replace or omit the essential processing step. Planning as a stand-alone stage isn’t the triad used in ADM, and predicting is not the recognized third step in this sequence. Perceive, Plan, Perform or Predict, Perceive, Perform skip the critical analysis and decision-making part that links hazard recognition to safe action.